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071考試-第31題、choose the best answer:
Examine the structure of the EMPLOYEES table:
There is a parent/child relationship between EMPLOYEE_ID and MANAGER_ID.
You want to display the name, joining date, and manager for all the employees.
Newly hired employees are yet to be assigned a department or a manager. For them, 'No Manager' should be displayed in the MANAGER column.
Which SQL query gets the required output?
A) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e RIGHT OUTER JOIN employees m
ON (e. manager_id = m.employee_id);
B) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e JOIN employees m
ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id);
C) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e LEFT OUTER JOIN employees m
ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id);
D) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e NATURAL JOIN employees m
ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id);
Answer：C
(解析：因?yàn)閱T工 king 是沒(méi)有經(jīng)理的，但是也要顯示出來(lái)，因?yàn)槭窃诮?jīng)理號(hào)這邊缺少數(shù)據(jù)，所以這里要用左外連接。注意左右的區(qū)別：
SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e , employees m
WHERE e.manager_id = m.employee_id(+);
)
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